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The vortex ring gun is an experimental non-lethal weapon for crowd control that uses high-energy vortex rings of gas to knock down people or spray them with marking ink or other chemicals. The concept was explored by the US Army starting in 1998, and by some commercial firms. Knockdown of distant individuals currently seems unlikely even if the rings are launched at theoretical maximum speed, the speed of sound. As for the delivery of chemicals, leakage during flight is still a problem. Weapons based on similar principles but different designs and purposes have been described before, typically using acetylene-air or hydrogen–oxygen explosions to create and propel the vortices.〔 ("Faulker Feuersturm" ) by Rob Arndt: "Dr. Zippermeyer ... designed and built a series of highly unorthodox anti-aircraft weapons ... Dr. Zippermeyer constructed both a huge Wirbelwind Kanone (Whirlwind Cannon) and Turbulenz Kanone (Vortex Cannon). ... used a detonation of hydrogen and oxygen ..." 〕 == Operation == In a typical concept, a blank cartridge is fired into a gun barrel that has a diverging nozzle screwed onto the muzzle.〔("Defense Update," ) ''Qadima Israel internet magazine overview of the Vortex ring Gun.''〕 In the nozzle, the short pulse of high pressure gas briefly accelerates to a supersonic exit velocity, whereupon a portion of the exhaust transforms from axial flow into a subsonic, high spin vortex ring with the potential energy to fly hundreds of feet.〔George K. Lucey Jr., Vortex Ring Generator: Mechanical Engineering Design For 100Kpsi Operating Pressures, ARL-TR-2096, United States Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, January 2000 --- Includes equations and test results for a prototype vortex ring generator simulating a MK19 40mm grenade launcher.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vortex / Hail Cannon . Welland Steam and Country Rally 2010 )〕 The nozzle of a vortex ring gun is designed to both contain the short pulse of accelerating gas until the maximum pressure is lowered to atmospheric and to straighten the exhaust into an axial flow.〔Dr. John D. Anderson, Jr., "Modern Compressible Flow With Historical Perspective," Second Edition, 1990 McGraw Hill Inc., NY, NY, pp 182-183, 327-329.〕 The objective is to form the vortex ring with the highest possible velocity and spin by colliding a short pulse of a supersonic jet stream against the relatively stagnant air behind the spherically expanding Blast Shock. Without the nozzle, the high pressure jet stream is reduced to atmospheric by standing shock waves at the muzzle, and the resulting vortex ring is not only formed by a lower velocity jet stream but also degraded by turbulence.〔Daniel L. Clear, et al., "Computational Fluid Dynamics Application To Gun Muzzle Blast - a Validation Case Study," Technical Report ARCCB-TR-03011, August 2003, US Army Armament Research Development And Engineering Center, Picatinny, NJ, Pages 6-7.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vortex ring gun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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